The Numbers are meangingless. Different mapmakers use whatever scheme they want. Tony G. started to number them in the previous edition of his guide, but the numbers are just to relate to sections in his book. I suspect (and hope) he is consistant across editions.
For the most part, trails in the Adirondacs are not named. There seems to me to be a difference between philosophies in the whites and Adirondacks. One notices it on the signs. In the whites, they often tell dirctions to other trails, while in the adirondacks, they are to destinations.
Many trails are named by some feature along the way. On Giant the Roaring Brook trail follows Roaring Brook, the North trail comes from the north-ish, and the Ridge trail follows a ridge.... although the ridge trail has recently been named... the name slips now, even though I was on it a few days ago.
Some trails have multiple names. The Iroquois pass trail, the Marshall pass trail, the cold brook pass trail. Since there aren't official names, people call them what they want.
They do have colors, though.
Just remember, except in a few cases, the naming of a trail is the name chosen by the guide book author. And remember that numbering is even worse. To say that you've hiked trail 34 doesn't say much.