I'm no expert on this, but . . .
The newspaper I shoot for supplies Nikon D1H camera kits, with 128 MB memory cards. I think the D1H uses about a 2.7 megapixel sensor. We usually shoot in JPG format at a “normal” (mid range) quality level. I’ve seen numerous glossy 11” x 14” prints from these images that I would rate as very good to excellent in terms of quality, and have seen 16” x 20” prints from these files that also would rate as very good from normal viewing distances. A lot depends on the ISO rating used while shooting -- as with film, the general rule is that image quality declines as ISO increases.
Anyway, the 128 MB memory cards in our system each will hold about 180 - 200 images, in my experience. That is the equivalent of about 5 rolls of 36-exposure 35 mm film.
I always carry a least two of the 128 MB cards on assignments (mainly, I shoot sports), but seldom have to use more than one per event. That may be due to the image preview and delete functions. The bigger issue I’ve run into with digital cameras is battery performance, which also may be due to the image preview function, which is a juice eater.
I would guess that the link posted above by KWC gives a pretty good starting point to estimate your needs based on your camera’s specifications.
G.