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The locations used by apps and tracking for commercial purposes usually use the GPS in the phone. The GPS locations would be sent by a data connection or as side data as part of a voice connection. (Digital voice is, after all, just another form of data...) The non-GPS methods use such...

Yes. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_tracking Enhanced 911 also will transmit a GPS location to the 911 operator (if possible). Doug

I thought about this a bit more. (Had to think about something while shoveling... :) ) The expansion temperature drop occurs in the control valve (where the pressure drop occurs) and would have little if any effect on the fuel temp in the canister but will cool the downstream plumbing possibly...

Evaporative cooling plus the expansion cooling is a double whammy... (However, expansion cooling is reduced at lower temps due to the reduced vapor pressure of the fuel.) And, of course, the temp of both the liquid and gaseous fuel in the canister can be below the freezing point of water even...

The description of these canisters emphasizes an internal structure to increase the surface area for evaporation, but says nothing about the composition of the fuel. The following discussion is restricted to upright canisters where the evaporation occurs inside the canister. In an upright...

Your title likely has the key word--altitude. Butane canister stoves can work to lower temps at altitude due to the lower ambient pressure. (Nothing in the NE US qualifies...) Some canisters contain a mixture of propane and butane, but pure propane has too high a vapor pressure at "normal"...

IIRC, that policy existed at some point in the 1970's. Doug

A snow water equivalent map can be found at...

I climbed and descended the Abol Slide in low-snow conditions many years ago when the route went up the slide. It was generally (rock) ledgy, rocky, icy, and steep but not so steep that it required constant use of one's hands. (IIRC, I used my hands at least occasionally.) We wore crampons...

The NOAA/NWS NERFC Snow Information Page points to this as well as more potentially useful snow info: http://www.weather.gov/nerfc/snow Doug

OK. Sometimes a browser may not support required features or security settings may block a website. Or an old version may also not support needed features (and will likely have security holes). This is why I suggested that one may be able to transfer the coordinates from a url to a url for a...

This one doesn't load for me on first try (firefox on linux), but it did work after I turned some security measures off... FWIW, one can often extract the lat-lon out of the non-working url and insert them into a different map viewer or the url pointing to another map viewer. For instance, the...

More important is that one understands a bit about cartography and GPSes... Strictly speaking, GPS coordinates are used in GPSes and map coordinates are used on maps. Both maps and GPSes have limited resolution and contain errors, so the GPS coordinates and map coordinates for the same point...

Perhaps you are thinking of free soloing? Most climbers these days leave little gear behind. climbers definitions: * solo = climbing alone * free solo = climbing alone without protection (ie no ropes, carabiners, nuts, pitons, etc) * anchors (protection) = attachments to the rock (eg nuts and...

Yep! Works a bit better if you include "long" and "hiking" in the search... :) Wiggys sells some too: http://www.wiggys.com/clothing-outerwear/fishnet-long-underwear/ (nylon). Also known as string underwear (British). There are similar difficulties when searching on that too... :) I still...

See my comments in post #44. Wool both wets and dries more slowly than other fabrics. Slow drying results in less evaporative cooling. Because it also maintains its porosity when wet, it also retains about 40% of its insulation value when wet--more than other fabrics. Remember the use of...

I suspect that you are aware of vapor barriers--I simply view it as a partial vapor barrier. A total vapor barrier anywhere but next to one's skin would result in moisture accumulation in the inner layers. (A partial may or may not.) I read Twight's book a long time ago and recall his use of...

I didn't like wool either until I tried it... :) Wool is a very interesting fiber--it consists of a hydrophobic sheath over a hydrophilic core which slows both wetting and drying. The hydrophic sheath helps it retain its porosity (between fibers) when wet so it retains a substantial portion...

The moisture permeability of some (most?) waterproof-breathable fabrics used in hardshells is temperature dependent*. Putting insulation over it would keep it warmer and increase its moisture permeability compared to the permeability if worn on the outside. * There is data available at several...

Agreed, but the distinction (of alpine style vs other styles) is only meaningful for mountains far harder than anything in the the NE USA--such as the Himalayas... Doug